Artificial Enzymes: Concept, Designing process and Future perspectives

چکیده مقاله

• Enzymes are exquisite catalysts for chemical and biochemical reactions. Most enzymes are made up of a highly potent catalytic center and a surrounding protein superstructure. Chemzymes are designed molecules emulating the targeting and efficiency of naturally occurring enzymes. In several important aspects artificial enzymes function in the same way as naturally occurring ones. But where natural enzymes are big and complex, the artificial ones have been pared down to the basics. Producing natural enzymes in industrial settings are considerably more time-consuming because they have to be grown. As enzymes are proteins, they mostly function in aqueous media in order to retain the 3-dimensional structure required for catalysis. Artificial enzymes may not deliver this same necessity and hence be better suited to use in organic solvents. Since the protein structure of enzymes is fragile, artificial enzymes can in principle be synthesized from macromolecular structures which are more chemically robust, and thus could be applied at higher temperatures and pressures. The pragmatic application of enzymes is often hindered by their intrinsic drawbacks, such as low operational stability, sensitivity of catalytic action to environmental conditions, and high costs in training and purification. We are going to discuss the chemzymes, new approach to their synthesis process, advantages and problems.
  
  

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