Advances in Biodiesel Production Using Heterogeneous Catalysts with Special Focus on Ultrasonic Technology: A Review

چکیده مقاله

Biodiesel is a renewable fuel consisting of mono alkyl esters of long chain fatty acids, generally derived from vegetable oils, animal fats and algal oils by transesterification reaction. Heterogeneous catalytic transesterification reaction is mostly utilized to produce biodiesel because of many advantages such as reusability of catalyst, easy separation of biodiesel from glycerol, simple purification steps and cost effective. Due to immiscibility of oil and alcohol, choosing appropriate transesterification method for biodiesel production received more attention in recent years. Ultrasound assisted method is one of the promising ones. This article attempts to review ultrasound-assisted technology for biodiesel production using different heterogeneous catalysts. Ultrasound irradiation causes the formation of emulsion phase between oil and alcohol.

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